Effect of Demonstration on Procedures of Various Nursing Measures regarding Management of Respiratory Symptoms among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients

 

Kinjal Pandya¹* , Mr. Ravindra H.N², Mr. Kevin Christian³

¹II Year M.Sc. Nursing Student, Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Sumandeep Nursing College, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University, Pipariya, Dist- Vadodara, Gujarat

²Principal, Sumandeep Nursing College, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University, Pipariya, Dist- Vadodara, Gujarat

³Sumandeep Nursing College, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University, Pipariya, Dist- Vadodara, Gujarat

 

ABSTRACT:

Chronic diseases are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes are by far the leading cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths (World Health Organization (WHO, 2010). Rapid improvements in health and longevity are dramatically changing the burden of illness throughout the world. In developed countries changes in lifestyle and improvements in the treatment of major causes of mortality have aged the population and increased the prevalence of chronic diseases. Poor countries that have achieved gains in life expectancy are also experiencing an increase in chronic disease. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than 1.7 million Americans die of a chronic disease. Health promotion is integral part of nursing care. There are several way, by which individual can promote their health¹.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic diseases are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes are by far the leading cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths (World Health Organization (WHO), 2010a). Rapid improvements in health and longevity are dramatically changing the burden of illness throughout the world. In developed countries changes in lifestyle and improvements in the treatment of major causes of mortality have aged the population and increased the prevalence of chronic diseases. Poor countries that have achieved gains in life expectancy are also experiencing an increase in chronic disease.

 

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than 1.7 million Americans die of a chronic disease.

 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , also known as chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic obstructive airway disease, chronic airflow limitation  and chronic obstructive respiratory disease, is the co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, a pair of commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. This leads to a limitation of the flow of air to and from the lungs, causing shortness of breath. In clinical practice, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined by its characteristically low airflow on lung function test.²

 

The pulmonary function in respiratory health status can be assessed by performing the pulmonary function tests. The parameter used in various studies includes vital capacity fixed expiratory volume.  Maximal voluntary ventilation, total lung capacity, Tidal Volume and other measures line chest expansion, stain climbing time, peek expiratory flow rate.³

 

When we talk about exercise, we nearly always refer to physical exercise. Exercise is the physical exertion of the body - making the body do a physical activity which results in a healthy  healthier level of physical fitness and both physical and mental health. In other words, exercise aims to maintain or enhance our physical fitness and general health.⁴

 

Spirometry is the most common of the pulmonary function tests, measuring lung function, specifically the measurement of the amount and/or speed of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is an important tool used for generating pneumotachographs which are helpful in assessing conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.⁵

 

NEED FOR STUDY:

When someone acquires chronic condition, expectations, life’s meaning and purpose are all threatened. The prevalence of chronic disease is showing an upward trend in most of the countries and about one third of the population is affected with chronic illness. Two thirds of all people over 45 years of age have chronic health problem. COPD refers to a number of disorders that affect movement of air in and out of the lungs. It is more frequent in clients living in urban environment and among socio-economically disadvantaged. Mortality and morbidity rates of COPD are increasing due to the effect of chronic irritation and pollution. Patients with COPD often depend on others for functional activities. During hospitalization pharmacological management is more emphasized which relieves symptoms for a short period of time, but recurrence occurs frequently.⁶

 

WHO in 2000 estimates that prevalence of 2.7 million died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. About 1.5 million emergency department visits by adult 25 age and older made for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2000. More emergency visits chronic obstructive pulmonary disease made by adult female than adult male. ⁷

 

India facing various environment problems.70 percentage of respiratory suspended particular matter is high in Indian environment.  The sources of respiratory suspended particular matter are diesel vehicle, power plant, cook stoves and industrial process emissions.

In Gujarat prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 64.3 percentage affected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.      Assess the existing knowledge of COPD patients on various nursing measures on management of COPD.

2.      Preparation and implementation of Nursing Procedure demonstration on various nursing measures on patients with COPD.

3.       Assess the post demonstration knowledge of COPD patients.

4.       Find out the Association between the pretest knowledge and selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁- Post-test knowledge score will be significant higher than pretest score

H₂- There will be significant association between socio-demographic variables with the pre-test knowledge score of COPD patients.

 

MATERIAL ANDMETHODS:

The study was conducted by using Quasi-experimental design. The sample sizes were 50. A semi structured tool was used, consisting of 2 Parts. Tool consists of section (a) Demographic variables, Section (b) structured Interview scale was used to assess the knowledge. The Gathered data was grouped and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

MAJOR FINDINGS:

Majority of them were males, age group 41-50 years, Married, Illiterate, formers, earning less than Rs.6000, residing at rural area, belongs to Nuclear family and having habit of smoking. Pre-test 45(90%) were having Inadequate Knowledge and 5(10%) were having Moderate level of Knowledge; Post-test result shows that  37(74%) were having Moderate level of Knowledge and 13(26%) were having Adequate level of Knowledge. Mean pre-test 7.82, mean post –test 14.5 and mean difference 6.68; pre-test standard deviation 1.68862 and post-test standard deviation 2.55750;Obtained ‘t’ value 15.747; df=49 which is highly significant at 0.001 level. So the stated Hypothesis was accepted.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that Various nursing measures demonstration regarding teaching increases the level of Knowledge.

 

REFERANCE:

1.       Catham K, Balduien J, Oliver W, Summer L and Friffiths H. Fix load incremental Respiratory muscle training: a pilot study and physiotherapy, 1996 New York USA; 82(7); 422-6

2.       Prasannakumari, the study to find out the effect of programmed breathing exercise. On pulmonary function in the and post-operative periods in patients undergoing mitral valvotomy, national medical journal8 (7)133-7

3.       Stephen c. Changes in pulmonary function after naturally acquired respiratory infection in normal persons. American review of respiratory diseases USA Newyork 1999; 20. 1057-93.

4.       http://allnurses.com/general-nursing discussion/Adhd

5.       Craven JL, Evans GA, Davenport PJ, William RHP. The evaluation of incentive spirometry in the management of post-operative pulmonary complication.Br j surg 1974; 61:793-797

6.       Petz TJ. Physiologic effect of IPPB, Blow bottles and incentive spirometry. Curo rev respirther 1979; 110:567

7.       WHO (World Health Organisation): http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/ en/index.html

 

Received on 05.05.2016           Modified on 21.05.2016

Accepted on 03.06.2016           © A&V Publication all right reserved